Book Review Symposium III of Economic Sanctions from Havana to Baghdad: The Chilling Effect Beyond Borders - Sanctions Compliance, De-Risking, and the Marginalization of Nigeria's NGO Sector
Economic sanctions are typically viewed as instruments of statecraft — mechanisms for foreign policy and international pressure. They have evolved from blunt, economy-wide measures to increasingly targeted tools directed at specific individuals, entities, and sectors. Though proponents of these more recent "smart" sanctions argue that such measures punish only bad actors while sparing ordinary civilians, Economic Sanctions from Havana to Baghdad challenges this assumption, arguing that no matter how carefully sanctions are designed, adjusted, or targeted, they retain the capacity to cause real harm to civilian populations.