Ocean Governance

The ocean and its resources support many sectors vital to the West African region, including fisheries and aquaculture, maritime transport and shipping, maritime security, coastal and maritime tourism, sustainable energy, mineral resources, and emerging marine industries. Collectively, these sectors are called the “Blue Economy” (BE). The BE is a cornerstone of economic growth, sustainability, and security for the twelve coastal and island states and three land-linked countries in the region, providing livelihoods for millions and serving as a primary revenue source for coastal and island states. The BE contributes 56% of the GDP of coastal states in West Africa, underscoring its economic significance. With one-third of the region’s population residing in coastal areas, its ocean and resources are essential to food security, trade, and long-term resilience, making them a crucial driver of sustainable development in West Africa.

The Government of Ghana has formally notified the Government of Togo of its decision to initiate international arbitration under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in order to resolve their dispute over maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea. In a statement released on 20 February 2026, the Government indicated: “This follows attempts at negotiating a boundary which have gone on for eight years but have not resulted in an agreed outcome”.