Africa

It is my utmost pleasure to welcome you to our 8th Biennial Conference. After successfully hosting in Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and Tanzania, we have finally breached the “Francophone wall”, as one Member of the Network’s Advisory Board noted upon learning this year’s destination. For the first time since its creation in 2008, the AfIELN Conference will take place in “Francophone” Africa, in North Africa, and in the MENA region. Morocco is therefore threefold symbolic. ______________________________________________________________________ Chers amis du Réseau africain de droit économique international (AfIELN), C’est avec un immense plaisir que je vous souhaite la bienvenue à notre 8e Conférence biennale. Après avoir accueilli avec succès des éditions au Ghana, au Kenya, au Nigeria, en Afrique du Sud et en Tanzanie, nous avons enfin franchi le « mur francophone », comme l’a souligné un membre du Conseil Consultatif du Réseau en apprenant la destination de cette année. Pour la première fois depuis sa création en 2008, la Conférence d’AfIELN se tiendra en Afrique « francophone », en Afrique du Nord et dans la région MENA. Le Maroc revêt donc une triple symbolique.

This conversation is based on a report which develops a new framework for understanding the premium by introducing the concept of an “institutionalized” African risk premium. In doing so, the study identifies three distinct forms of the African risk premium: (a) the perceived African risk premium; (b) the real African risk premium; and (c) the institutionalized African risk premium. You can download the Report on the "Repository" section of our website.

Economic sanctions have been imposed on dozens of countries and thousands of individuals, triggering humanitarian crises and creating economic chaos, often with little accountability. Sanctions can cause particular harm to vulnerable populations, including women, children, migrants, and the poor.

Organised in partnership with the Fondation Afric’Avenir, this edition seeks to rethink the divide between the formal and informal economy through a decolonial comparative legal approach. It also aims to contribute to the consolidation of a decolonial comparative law community across the African continent and beyond. The overarching theme of the 2027 edition is decolonial comparative law and the informal/formal economy. The workshop takes the informal economy seriously as a site of legality in its own right, examined through a decolonial and comparative lens attentive to legal pluralism and situated practices.

The conference seeks to provide a rigorous, practice-oriented forum for interrogating foundational questions in reparation in international law. How have international courts and tribunals conceptualized the forms, functions, and limits of reparation? What distinctive insights and claims emerge from African experiences with historical and contemporary injustice, including colonialism, slavery, apartheid, and serious human rights violations? And how might African perspectives continue to shape the progressive development of international law in this area?

Fireside Chat on Trade Policy and Regional Integration: Trade Policy Is Not Just for Policymakers The session was a fireside chat titled "Trade Policy Is Not Just for Policymakers", facilitated by Mishael Wambua, Component Lead at GIZ Support Programme for Africa Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). He discussed the importance of fostering an awareness of trade policy and regional integration in Africa.

In December 2024, South Africa assumed the presidency of the G20, a position which ended on 30th November 2025. Addressing the issue of debt sustainability was highlighted as a key priority of the presidency. During its tenure, South Africa has taken steps such as the G20 Ministerial Declaration on Debt Sustainability in October 2025. The Expert Panel has also released its report titled ‘Growth, Debt and Development: Opportunities for a New African Partnership’ in which it addresses the issue of sovereign debt in Africa and provides guidance to South Africa’s G20 Presidency on the collective measures required to unlock the continent’s global development potential. This Update will outline the background to the report within the context of the G20, particularly South Africa’s presidency thereof, and analyze its key propositions, with particular attention to whether it offers realistic pathways to debt sustainability in Africa, or if gaps remain.

In this quarterly report, we argue that Africa’s ongoing debt crisis is deeply intertwined with the legacies of colonialism, the political pressures of post-independence governance, and the global financial system’s exploitative practices. Recently liberated African states in the 1970s and 1980s faced the dual challenge of fulfilling liberation promises, such as expanding education, healthcare, and infrastructure, while relying on favorable commodity prices to sustain economic growth. This combination of political urgency and economic optimism led to extensive borrowing, often underpinned by forced loans and unrealistic economic forecasting. When the global economic downturn hit, these debts became unsustainable. In response, international financial institutions (IFIs) imposed Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) that mandated austerity, privatization, and drastic cuts to social spending.

This quarterly report argues that Africa’s ongoing debt crisis is deeply intertwined with the legacies of colonialism, the political pressures of post-independence governance, and the global financial system’s exploitative practices. Recently liberated African states in the 1970s and 1980s faced the dual challenge of fulfilling liberation promises, such as expanding education, healthcare, and infrastructure, while relying on favorable commodity prices to sustain economic growth. This combination of political urgency and economic optimism led to extensive borrowing, often underpinned by forced loans and unrealistic economic forecasting.

Ajibo’s The African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement: Legal and Policy Frameworks offers a comprehensive analysis of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Agreement, its challenges, prospects, and recommendations for future directions. The book equally explores the AfCFTA Agreement’s expected impact on economic growth, regional integration, and legal harmonisation, together with its Protocols, thereby serving as the go-to text for students, researchers, and legal practitioners interested in the ambitious goals of the AfCFTA Agreement. Although other textbooks have been written about the AfCFTA, Ajibo painstakingly adds some twists to this text as he examines the AfCFTA Agreement together with its protocols, such as the Protocols on Trade in Services, Trade in Goods, Investment, Intellectual Property, Rules on Dispute Settlement, and Competition Policy.